In all three courses basic physiological principles relevant to veterinary practice are surveyed. The first course introduces the vertebrate physiological principles and concepts common to animals. The course includes core principals relevant to the physiology of cells, cell signaling systems, and cardiovascular and respiratory mechanisms in health and disease. The second course continues with coverage of core concepts in renal, acid-base and endocrine physiology. The third course presents physiological processes and concepts relevant to reproductive and gastrointestinal function in healthy and diseased animals. It also discusses the role of the central nervous system in controlling movement, sensation, and perception.