This course presents homeostasis, biophysics, regulation of membrane transport, excitable cells, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. A discussion of circulatory fluid dynamics, peripheral vascular tone, blood pressure, and electrical and mechanical activity of the heart is included in the cardiovascular section of course. Small group case discussions, problem-based workshops, ultrasound workshops, and simulations facilitate development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills using basic physiologic concepts to understand the pathogenesis of signs and symptoms in specific case studies.